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_ _ Kunal Gupta_ 0 Comments

Hardware Development Kit In Mcrocontrollers

So hello guys, welcome to series of Microcontroller tutorials. As Microcontrollers are big thing happening across the globe, but to learn about microcontrollers becomes quite challenging as most of the content on web is theoretical based and quite unorganized. Or the content is only roaming around 2-3 microcontrollers (Arduino, ESP or PIC), even though there are number of Microcontrollers of different vendors. Also, framework of Arduino and Arduino IDE hides most of the things that are going inside the microcontrollers. If you guys want to start with microcontroller coding and looking for chronological order then you have come to right place. How to start with Microcontrollers? – gettobyte Hardware Development Kit In Mcrocontrollers – gettobyte Software Development Kit In Microcontrollers – gettobyte Would recommend viewers to read these 3 blogs in order, so as to get understanding on how to get started with any Microcontroller and in what order. In the last blog we get to know a lot about microcontrollers and how to start with them.  One of the essential and important things to know before starting with microcontrollers is Hardware Development Kit.  So let’s start with it. Objective of this blog Objective of this blog, will be to understand: What is Hardware Development Kit in Embedded (SDK). Different components in Hardware Development Kit in Embedded. Why there is need of Hardware Development Kit in Embedded. What is Hardware Development Kit Hardware Development Kit in embedded is collection of hardware tools to assist developers to design and prototype the products/projects easily on microcontroller and semiconductor chips. These hardware tools majorly include: Microcontroller/SoC Development Boards/Evalution Boards Debuggers/Programmers Breakout Boards Hardware Debugging Tools. Microcontroller/SoC​ In the last blog, all we talk about is microcontrollers, so refer to this blog to know what microcontrollers are. Microcontroller and SoC word would be used quite inerchangibly throughout this blog and in subsequent blogs too. Difference between SoC and MCU is that. (SoC): SoC is a less well-defined term. A SoC is typically an encapsulation of one or more of CPUs, memory, micro-controllers, DSPs, accelerators, and supporting hardware; however, it does not adhere to any standards regarding its containing circuitry. An SoC is intended for applications with requirements that are too complex for a single MCU to handle. To explore about different microcontrollers best place is semiconductor company websites like and many others: NXP® Semiconductors Official Site | NXP Semiconductors Analog | Embedded processing | Semiconductor company | TI.com Silicon Labs (silabs.com) Nordic Semiconductor | Empowering Wireless Innovation – nordicsemi.com STMicroelectronics: Our technology starts with you and etc Go to products page of these websites and then navigate to microcontroller-microprocessor section. You will find there are so many microcontrollers which have been categorized in terms of Either processor they have (ARM Cortex CPU based, 8 bit CPU based, or some proprietary CPU core) Or Microcontroller family name’s (Like LPC series, S32 Series, MSP430 series, Kinetic series, STM32 series) Application based( Digital signal processing, IoT protocol’s, peripheral and etc) and etc. Microcontrollers/SoC can’t be used directly, for making projects or learning out the things. Microcontrollers comes in different packaging like BGA, DIP, QFN, QFP, SOP, SQP. Every package takes up different amount of space. In these packages MCU pins are very small to use and in some packages of MCU, we cant even properly touch individual pins of the MCU (BGA and QFN). Now to connect some sensors/modules to the MCU, we need to connect them to the pins of  the MCU. So, there is need of some hardware circuit by which we can expose all these pins of MCU in a way that they can be used for prototyping and developing the embedded application by connecting different sensor/modules. And thus, here comes the story of development boards. Development /Evalution Boards Development boards in the field of embedded systems refer to pre-built circuit boards designed to use the microcontrollers/SoC’s. These boards typically include a microcontroller/SoC or microprocessor, along with essential components required to use the microcontroller like: Input/Output interfaces (Header pins, LEDs, Push buttons and etc.), Power regulators (For powering the MCU/SoC), and Miscellaneous circuit required for microcontroller functioning (oscillator circuit, pull-up/down resistors, decoupling capacitors and etc.) Debugging and programming feature. They provide a convenient platform for developers to test their code, interface with external devices, and evaluate the performance of their embedded system designs. These development boards are extensively used among the college students, hobbyists for making DIY projects or learn the microcontroller coding by having hands-on over the microcontrollers using these kind of development boards. These development boards are connected to Host Desktop/Laptop through USB cable via Debugger/Programmer to program/debug the microcontrollers. Thus, these development board provide easy way to use microcontrollers/microprocessor/SoC. Now for every microcontroller there is a development board for using it. Development boards are designed either by the semiconductor companies itself for their corresponding MCU’s or by the Third-party vendors, like: Arduino is a development board which has Atmega 328 MCU. Atmega 328 MCU is designed by Microchip Semiconductor company, but Arduino is designed and developed by Third party organization Arduino. BluePill is a development board which has STM32F103 MCU. STM32F103 MCU is designed by STMicroelectronics, but Bluepill is designed and developed by third party vendors. ElecronicsV1 is development board which has S32K144 Automotive MCU. S32K144 is designed by NXP Semiconductors, but ElecronicsV1 is designed and developed by Gettobyte community.  S32K312 MCU which is Automotive General Purpose MCU designed by NXP Semiconductors, there is development board designed by NXP Semiconductors itself S32K312EVB-Q172. Another example is NRF52840 SoC for General Purpose IoT applications designed by Nordic Semiconductor, there is development board designed by Nordic Semiconductors itself nRF52840 DK. Another example is of STM32WB55 SoC for Low-Power IoT applications designed by STMicroelectronics, there is development board designed by STMicroelectronics itself that is P-NUCLEO-WB55. Another example is of MSP430 MCU for General pupose embedded applications designed by Texas Instruments, there is development board designed by Texas Instruments itself that is MSP-EXP430G2ET Their is one more SoC of NXP Semiconductors JN5189 IoT SoC. NXP semiconductors design and develop the development board

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_ _ Kunal Gupta_ 0 Comments

Introduction to STM32WB55

Table of Contents About STMicroelectronics STMicroelectronics is a leading provider of semiconductor solutions that are seamlessly integrated into billions of electronic devices used by people worldwide on a daily basis. The semiconductor company builds products, solutions, and ecosystems that enable smarter mobility, more efficient power and energy management, and the wide-scale deployment of the Internet of Things and connectivity technologies. To know more about STMicroelectronics refer to its website: www.st.com. Going back in history, ST was formed in 1987 by the merger of two government-owned semiconductor companies: Italian SGS Microelettronica (where SGS stands for Società Generale Semiconduttori, “Semiconductors’ General Company”), and French Thomson Semiconductors, the semiconductor arm of Thomson. In this blog, we are going to start with ST IoT-based Nucleo Board STm32WB55. What is STM32WB Series all about? The STM32WB55xx and STM32WB35xx are advanced multiprotocol wireless devices that boast ultra-low-power consumption. These devices are equipped with a powerful and efficient radio that is compliant with the Bluetooth® Low Energy SIG specification 5 and IEEE 802.15.4-2011 (Zigbee). Additionally, they feature a dedicated Arm® Cortex®-M0+ processor that handles all real-time low-layer operations. These cutting-edge devices are perfect for a wide range of applications that require reliable and efficient wireless communication. Whether you’re working on a smart home project, a wearable device, or an industrial automation system, the STM32WB55xx and STM32WB35xx are the ideal choices. With their advanced features and capabilities, these devices are sure to revolutionize the way we think about wireless communication. So why wait? Start exploring the possibilities today and discover what the STM32WB55xx and STM32WB35xx can do for you! The devices have been meticulously crafted to operate on minimal power and are built around the high-performance Arm® Cortex®-M4 32-bit RISC core, which can operate at a frequency of up to 64 MHz. This core boasts a Floating-point unit (FPU) single precision that supports all Arm® single-precision data-processing instructions and data types. Additionally, it is equipped with a full set of DSP instructions and a memory protection unit (MPU) that enhances application security. These devices have been designed with the utmost care and attention to detail, ensuring that they are not only efficient but also highly effective. The Arm® Cortex®-M4 32-bit RISC core is a powerful tool that enables these devices to perform at an exceptional level, while the FPU single precision and DSP instructions provide unparalleled accuracy and precision. Furthermore, the memory protection unit (MPU) ensures that your applications are secure and protected from any potential threats. Enhanced inter-processor communication is provided by the IPCC with six bidirectional channels. The HSEM provides hardware semaphores used to share common resources between the two processors. The devices embed high-speed memories (up to 1 Mbyte of flash memory for STM32WB55xx, up to 512 Kbytes for STM32WB35xx, up to 256 Kbytes of SRAM for STM32WB55xx, 96 Kbytes for STM32WB35xx), a Quad-SPI flash memory interface (available on all packages) and an extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripherals.  About STM32WB55 Architecture Memories Security and Safety True random number generator (RNG) RF Subsystem Low Power Modes Clocks and Startup General Purpose Input Output(GPIOs) Direct Memory Access (DMA) Interrupts and Events Analog to Digital Convertor (ADC) Comparators (COMP) Touch Sensing Controller Liquid crystal display controller (LCD) Timers and watchdogs Real-time clock (RTC) and backup registers Inter Integrated Circuit (I2C) Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART) Serial Peripheral Interface(SPI) Serial audio interfaces (SAI) Quad-SPI memory interface (QUADSPI) Architecture Architecture STM32WB55 Architecture The host application is housed on an Arm® Cortex®-M4 CPU (named CPU1) that connects with a generic microcontroller subsystem. The RF subsystem is made up of a specialized Arm® Cortex®-M0+ microprocessor (named CPU2), Bluetooth Low Energy and 802.15.4 digital MAC blocks, an RF analog front end, and proprietary peripherals. All Bluetooth Low Energy and 802.15.4 low-layer stack functions are handled by the RF subsystem, which limits communication with the CPU1 to high-level exchanges. Some functions are shared between the RF subsystem CPU (CPU2) and the Host CPU (CPU1): Flash memories  SRAM1, SRAM2a, and SRAM2b (SRAM2a can be retained in Standby mode)  Security peripherals (RNG, AES1, PKA)  Clock RCC Power control (PWR) Memories Memories STM32WB55 Memories 2.1.  Adaptive real-time memory accelerator (ART Accelerator) The ART Accelerator is a memory accelerator optimized for STM32 industry-standard Arm® Cortex®-M4 processors. It balances the inherent performance advantage of the Arm® Cortex®-M4 over flash memory technologies. To release the processor near 80 DMIPS performance at 64 MHz, the accelerator implements an instruction prefetch queue and branch cache, which increases program execution speed from the 64-bit flash memory. Based on CoreMark benchmark, the performance achieved thanks to the ART accelerator is equivalent to 0 wait state program execution from flash memory at a CPU frequency up to 64 MHz. 2.2.  Memory protection unit In order to prevent one task from unintentionally corrupting the memory or resources used by any other active task, the memory protection unit (MPU) is used to manage the CPU1’s accesses to memory. This memory area is organized into up to eight protected areas. The MPU is especially helpful for applications where some critical or certified code must be protected against the misbehavior of other tasks. It is usually managed by an RTOS (real-time operating system). 2.3.  Embedded flash memory The STM32WB55xx and STM32WB35xx devices feature, respectively, up to 1 Mbyte and 512 Kbytes of embedded flash memory available for storing programs and data, as well as some customer keys. 2.4.  Embedded SRAM The STM32WB55xx devices feature up to 256 Kbytes of embedded SRAM, split in three blocks: SRAM1: up to 192 Kbytes mapped at address 0x2000 0000  SRAM2a: 32 Kbytes located at address 0x2003 0000 also mirrored at 0x1000 0000, with hardware parity check (this SRAM can be retained in Standby mode)  SRAM2b: 32 Kbytes located at address 0x2003 8000 (contiguous with SRAM2a) and mirrored at 0x1000 8000 with hardware parity check. Security and Safety Security and Safety The STM32WB55xx  contain many security blocks both for the Bluetooth Low Energy or IEEE 802.15.4 and the Host application. It includes:  Customer storage of the Bluetooth Low Energy and

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